Bit Manipulation

AND

Only true if both input bits are true:

//0 & 0 = 0
//1 & 0 = 0
//0 & 1 = 0
//1 & 1 = 1

OR

True if any input bit is true

//0 | 0 = 0
//1 | 0 = 1
//0 | 1 = 1
//1 | 1 = 1

XOR

True if one and only one input bit is true

//0 ^ 0 = 0
//1 ^ 0 = 1
//0 ^ 1 = 1
//1 ^ 1 = 0

NOT

Flip the input bit:

//-1 = 0
//-0 = 1

Left Shift

Shift left the binary digits by n, pad 0’s on the right

//00010110 << 3
//= 10110000

Right Shift

Shift right the binary digits by n, pad 0’s on the left

//00010110 >> 3
//= 00000010

Get Bit

get_bit(x, position) = (x >> position) & 1
//position is counted from right to left, start from 0.

position = 6, x = 01100110
get_bit(x, 6) = 1
get_bit(x, position) = (01100110>>6) & 1 = (00000001) & (00000001) = 1

Set Bit

set_bit(x, position):
    mask = (1<<position)
    return (x | mask)

//position = 5
//x = 00010110
//mask = 0010000
//res = 00110110

Flip Bit

flip_bit(x, position):
    mask = (1<<position)
    return x ^ mask